![]() ![]() Although it is widely accepted by owners and practitioners that dogs experience stress and anxiety when visiting a veterinary clinic, to what extent a pet may be impacted is not fully understood. Although the mammalian stress response is an adaptive mechanism that allows animals to respond quickly to certain situations or stimuli, chronic or extreme stress, often categorized as distress, can be harmful to animals, resulting in poor welfare. ![]() ![]() Veterinary hospitals are considered stressful environments for dogs as well as caregivers, and these negative experiences can have long-lasting effects on animals. Additional research is required to further understand the effect that bespoke music may have in alleviating canine stress during veterinary visits. Overall, dogs experienced changes in physiology and behavior, indicative of increased stress, over the course of the visit. Core body temperature ( p = 0.010) and the odds of ‘relaxed’ lips ( p = 0.020) were lower when dogs were exposed to music compared to control visits. Salivary cortisol, IgA, and infrared temperature all increased significantly ( p < 0.05) from baseline to post-kennel and post-examination, with no effect of music treatment. Dogs were scored as more “afraid” during the physical examination compared to when they were in the hospital kennel ( p < 0.001). In a randomized crossover design, dogs were exposed to no music and a bespoke piece of classical music at a tempo designed to match their resting heart rate during a mock veterinary visit. The present study aimed to understand how canine stress changes during a veterinary visit, establish the effect of music, and highlight measures which may be of practical use. Music therapy has been successfully used in clinical practice to alleviate stress and anxiety in people. Veterinary visits can be stressful for dogs, but how their wellbeing changes during a visit is not well understood. Music was not shown to have a demonstrated effect across measures, suggesting that the stressor may be too extreme for this type of intervention to have a positive effect, or that music therapy requires modification before it can be successful in alleviating stress in dogs during a veterinary visit. The results indicated that certain measures increased over time, indicating that dogs became increasingly stressed. The aim of this study was to examine a range of behavioral and physiological measures in dogs over the duration of a veterinary visit and to establish if bespoke music, which mimicked the tempo of their resting heart rate, could improve wellbeing. Specifically, a process called entrainment, which involves playing music at a particular tempo aimed at synchronizing physiological responses, has been implemented with success in humans. Music therapy has been successfully used to reduce stress and anxiety in people and other animals. Identifying appropriate measures of canine stress, along with successful interventions which alleviate stress in dogs during a veterinary visit, will be of great benefit to dogs and people. If you are writing a comment for publication, please mark clearly "for publication".Visits to the vet are stressful for many pet dogs, but less is known about how measures of stress change over the course of a visit. For all other inquiries please call the main Guardian switchboard on 020 3353 2000. To contact the MediaGuardian news desk email or phone 020 3353 3857. It will receive the rest, about $3.8bn, when General Electric completes the sale of its 51% stake to US cable company Comcast.Ĭapron said that the time to look at buying out the 44% stake it does not already own in French telecom operator SFR would potentially come after Vivendi receives the balance of the money owed from the NBC Universal deal. Vivendi received $2bn for selling part of its stake in NBC Universal. Adjusted profit, which strips out most charges, rose 6.7% to €688m. Net profits for the three months to the end of September fell 38% to €372m after taking a charge of €232m on the sale of a 7.66% stake in NBC Universal. ![]() Overall Vivendi confirmed full-year growth targets thanks to booming results from its video games operation driven by Activision, which has set sales records with newly released Call of Duty: Black Ops, and solid growth in broadband from Brazilian telecom operator GVT. Physical music sales fell 13.7% in the first nine months of the year, while digital revenues only rose 3.1% across the same period. "A lot of fat can be taken out without hurting muscle and bones," said Philippe Capron, the chief financial officer of UMG's parent company Vivendi, in comments to the press about Grainge's plans for the business.Ĭapron added that there was "very, very significant potential" for cost savings at UMG. ![]()
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